The History of the 51st (Highland) Division 1914-1918 — A Closer Reading

Compiled Under Canvas and in the Desert

Bewsher’s preface is unusually candid about the conditions in which the history was written. He describes working in “highly unsuitable” locations: the desert of Sinai, native villages, Jerusalem, Bir Salem, and at sea. The material available was uneven; up to the battle of Arras, no completed narratives of divisional operations existed. This admission shapes the reader’s expectation of the text: some phases are reconstructed from fragmentary sources, while later actions are drawn from more systematic records. The author’s own role as a staff officer gives the account an insider’s perspective on command decisions, but also means the narrative sometimes assumes familiarity with brigade and battalion structures.

The Mechanics of an Advance: Blockhouses, Dribbling, and the Steenbeek

A detailed passage from the later stages of the war illustrates the division’s tactical methods. The 6th Black Watch and 5th Gordon Highlanders overcome “numerous blockhouses and fortified farms” using a technique the text calls “dribbling”—men working individually from shell-hole to shell-hole to reach the flanks of strongpoints. The account of the crossing of the Steenbeek river shows the coordination of infantry, cavalry, and tanks: a squadron of the King Edward Horse attempts to advance but is stopped by machine-gun fire, while two tanks patrol the Green line for two hours. The narrative records precise prisoner counts, machine-gun captures, and casualties, giving a sense of the cost of each gain.

Individual Acts and the Texture of Battle

Amid the unit-level reporting, specific soldiers emerge. Sergeant Edwards of the 6th Seaforth Highlanders is described performing “several acts of conspicuous gallantry” that earned him the Victoria Cross: he dressed an officer’s wounds under fire, led a platoon against a machine-gun, and later stalked and killed a sniper despite a wounded arm. The text notes that he refused to leave his platoon after being wounded again the following day. Such details are woven into the operational narrative without separate biographical sections, reflecting the history’s focus on collective effort. The reader sees how individual courage was recorded as part of the division’s official story, often in the same paragraphs as the tally of prisoners and ground gained.

Bewsher’s history is best read as a staff officer’s account, attentive to the mechanics of attack and defense rather than to strategic overviews or personal memoirs. Readers interested in the human dimension will find it in the margins—in the names of the wounded, the counts of prisoners, and the occasional act of gallantry. The preface’s frankness about the difficulties of composition also serves as a reminder that this is a document shaped by its own circumstances of production, as much as by the events it records.